Oil-burning system.



ITO-814,091. PATENTED MAR. 6, 1906.

I. E. SMITH.

OIL BURNING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAY3. 1905.

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No. 814,091. PATENTED MAR. 6, 1906, I. E. SMITH. OIL BURNING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAYS, 1905.

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I. E SMITH. OIL BURNING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAYB, 1905.

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61mm [I'd Sr 1 7% j MM m IRA E; SMITH, OF SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA.

OIL-BURNING SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented. March 1906.

Application filed May 3, 1905. Serial No. 258,708.

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, IRA E. SMITH, a citizen of the United States, and aresident of Sacramento, in the county of Sacramento and State ofCalifornia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Oil-Burning Systems; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilledin the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, and the characters of referencemarked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to oil-burning systems such as are used inconnection with cooking-stoves, furnaces, and all heating contrivrantsand hotels, and I produce perfect combustion without causing smoke,soot, or smell, which are usually the three obnoxious features ofoil-burners.

an oil-burning system for ranges, &c., to which oil and steam areautomatically fed in the burner.

I am aware that attempts have been made to use crude or other low-gradepetroleum as a fuel for heating purposes; but prior to my invention thishas not, as a rule, been successfully done, because the heavierhydrocarbons held in suspension or solution by the lighter hydrocarbonsare, when subjected to heat, deposited in the burner or apparatusemployed, such deposit accumulating rapidly and choking up theapparatus, and the said material deposited, as described, is furtherdeleterious, because it forms a non-heat-conducting coating within theapparatus. In my invention I have done away with this and have a clearapparatus all the time.

In the drawings similar characters of reference indicate correspondingparts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a top plan view of my improved system. Fig. 2 is a sectionalview taken on a line w 00 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken ona line 2 z of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a burner proper.sectional view of an automatic safety shut-off. Fig. 6 is a sectionalview of a steam-boiler. Fig. 7 is a detail sectional View of afloatvalve mechanism em loyed by me.

For the purpose 0 more fully elucidating my invention I will divide thisdescription Fig. 5 is a,

into three divisionsnamely, the steam-supply, the oil-supply, and theburner proper.

S team-supply.-1 designates a water-pipe connected to the city main orother source of supply and having, say, a pressure of forty poundsQLocated in this pipe is a water- .pressure regulator 2 and awater-pressure gage 3. Said pipe connects at its other end with afloat-valve mechanism 4, from which a pipe 5 leads to a steam-boiler 6,located within a stove 7, said float-valve mechanism consisting of acasing and a ball-cock, and within the casing is arranged a ball orfloat 4, which is pivoted at 5, and bears at 6 against the end of thestem 7 of the ball-cock. Said boiler is provided with corrugations 8 onthe side which faces the flame. ances, and particularly those used inrestau- 9 is asmall pipe leading from the top of the boiler andextending around the inside of the stove and out through the front andthence to the burner, to which it is connected in a ;manner hereinaftershown. The object of my invention is to provide 5" is a blow-off valveleading from the pipe 5, and 10 is a similar valve leading from theboiler 6. proper proportions for atomizing the oil at I Connecting thepipe 9 with the float-valve .4 is a pipe 11, and in this pipe is locateda pop-valve 12 and a steam-gage 13.

The object of the steam-supply being connected to the float-valve is toprevent a vacuum forming therein.

When the fire is started, the water in the I boiler is vaporized andpasses through the pipe 9 and to the pipe 11 and around the stove, bywhich process it is superheated, and then it passes into the burner, aswill be shown. When ten pounds pressure is generated, the pop-valveexhausts, thus preventing a greater pressure than is required and whichwould have the effect of extinguishing the fire. The regulator 2maintains a uniform pressure against the float-valve mechanism, therebyassisting said float-valve to work uniformly. As the water in the boiler6 is lowered by evaporation the float-valve immediately operates andadmits just as much water as is evaporated, and when the desiredwater-level is reached the water is shut off. The float-valve beingautomatic, a constant water-supply is maintained. The corrugations 8present a greater heating-surface to the flame than a smooth surface,and they conduct the heat into the boiler.

Oil-supply.14 is an automatic water pressure air-pump connected to asource of water-supply 15. Leading from said airpump 14 is a pipe 16,which pipe is connected to the top of an oil-tank 20. Located in thesaid pipe 16 is a check-valve 17, an air-pres sure regulator 18, and agage 19.

21 is a supply-pipe leading from the oiltank 20 and connected to theburner, as will be shown. Said pipe is provided with a stopcock 22 Theregulator 18 permits of a uniform pressure on the oil in the tank 20,and the checkvalve 17 keeps the air from rushing back into the pipe 16and pump 14 when said pump ceases to operate, which would cause thepressure to leave the oil and the fire to go out.

Burner proper-The steam-pipe 9 and the oil-pipe 21 connect with anejector 23, (used as an injector in this connection,) to which ejectoris connected a large pipe 24, which extends into the stove 7, said pipe24 being provided with a T-joint 25 at a point just within the stove.Said pipe 24 is closed at one end by a cap 24. 26 is a small burner-pipeconnected to the T-joint 25 and extending downward therefrom, the saidpipe opening into the pipe 24, The lower end of said pipe 26 is closedby a cap, which is provided with a narrow slit 27, through which thecombustible material passes.

28 is a small pipe connected with the oiland steam supply within theejector 23 and extending to a point near the closed end of the pipe 24,the inner end of said pipe 28 being open.

The steam and oil meet in the ejector 23, and the steam atomizes the oiland drives it through the pipe 28 into the pipe 24, where it expands andpasses back and into the pipe 26 and through the slit 27, at which pointit is ignited, and the fire thus formed continues to generate thedesired quantity of steam, as described. The steam and oil as a vapor issuperheated as it passes through pipe 28, expanding into pipe 24 andpassing into pipe 26, by the flame emitting from the slit 27 the pipe 24extending over the flame.

In operating my burner proper instead of superheating the oil as an oil,I superheat the oil in combination with steam as a vapor. By using thismethod in a burner as described no deposit of heavy hydrocarbons canaccumulate in the apparatus. The pressure of steam keeps the mixtureagitated and forces out any deposit that would have a tendency toaccumulate, thereby keeping the appara tus clear. This is a veryvaluable point, as when the oil is superheated as an oil alone it chokesthe burner, as set forth in my introductory brief. The process of theoil and steam passing through the small pipe 28 into the large pipe 24admits of the expansion which must necessarily take place in atomizingand superheating the oil.

Throughout this description I have used the word ejector. As stated, Iuse it as an injector in my device, as I have found that .pipe 9 entersand leaves.

by so doing I can more thoroughly atomize the oil and operate my device.

In operating my device the fire of course might unexpectedly go out andthe oil continue to run and overflow and cause dangerous gases. Toprevent this, I have provided a safety shut-off valve formed of a shell29, into the lower portion of which the steam- Located in said shell isa piston 30, provided with a stem 31, around which is a spiral spring 32of less power than the steam-pressure used, said spring being attachedat its upper end to the stem 31 and at its lower end to the top of theshell 29, so that the spring will tend to pull down the stem. To thelower end of said piston is a shaft 33, connected with a needle-valve 34in the oil-pipe 21. Thus when the fire is burning the force of the steampassing through the shell 29 holds the piston up, which action keeps theneedle-valve 34 open. When the fire goes out, (if it does,) thesteam-pressure of course ceases, and then the spring 32 pulls the piston30 downward, and thus closes the valve 34 in the pipe 21 and shuts offthe oilsupply. This same device could also be used continuously withoutthe necessity of operating my valves after the system had been regulatedas desired, as this automatic shut-off valve would, after the initialfire was started, automatically open and close the oil-supply. This ofcourse is of value, as most cooks are not capable of successfullyhandling a system of valves, but if a system acts automatically they canuse it.

I have now entered into a detailed description of the construction andrelative arrangement of parts embraced in the present and preferredembodiment of my invention. I do not wish, however, to be understood asconfining myself to such specific detail, as such changes andmodifications may be made in practice as fairly fall within the scope ofmy claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and useful, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a device of the kind described the combination of a burner proper,means for supplying steam to said burner, an oil-supply for said burnercomprising a supply-tank, an automatic water-pressure air-pump, a pipeconnecting said pump to the top of said supply-tank, an air-pressureregulator located in said pipe, a check-valve located between saidregulator and said pump, a pipe connecting said tank with said burner, asuitable stopcock in said pipe, and an automatic shut-off valveconnected in said last-named pipe, and regulated by the saidsteam-supply, as set forth herein.

2. In an oil-burning system, for cook-stoves, the combination of aburner proper located in the stove, means for supplying oilto saidburner, a steam-supply consisting of a waterv a pipe leading from saidboiler to said floatvalve chamber, and a pipe leading from the top ofsaid boiler to said burner, and oil-supply-regulating means mounted onthe oil-supply pipe and operable by the steam as set forth.

3. In a device of the kind described the combination of a burnerconsisting of two pipes one within the other the outer one being closedat both ends and the inner one being open at its inner end and connectedwith an ejector at the other, a burner-pipe leading from said outer pipeand provided with a slit at its lower end, an oil-pipe connected withsaid ejector, a steam-pipe connected with said ejector, and an automaticshut-off valve located in the oil-pipe and operated by the steam passingthrough the steam-pipe, as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

IRA E. SMITH.

Witnesses:

PERCY S. WEBSTER, FRANK H. CARTER.

